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RITE NAN VODOU


The rites in Haitian Vodou are organized ceremonial gatherings focused on serving a specific group of spirits with distinct cultural, geographical, and ancestral attributes. These aspects are central to the ceremony. The ideologies underlying the foundation of these rites are transmitted through what is also known as "Nachon" in Creole. Furthermore, the rites reflect the African traditions of tribal, spiritual, and cultural lifestyles. They also convey knowledge about the cultural and geographical origins of the divinities or deities they honor. Additionally, the rites define their practices, rules, and regulations. In Haitian Vodou, there are various rites, each with its own unique characteristics and geographical attributes.The rites in Haitian Vodou are organized ceremonial gatherings focused on serving a specific group of spirits with distinct cultural, geographical, and ancestral attributes. These aspects are central to the ceremony. 

the rites:

  •  Anmin (Anminan) is from the Mina people in Dahomey (Jil & Jil 2009: 145); Anminan may display
  •  Bizango is from Bissango island near Senegal (Jil & Jil 2009: 160)
  • Bosou (Achade) is from the name of the Dahomian king Tegbosou (1740-1774).
  • Boumba is from the Boumba river in southern Cameroon 
  •  Danwonmen is the ‘Dahomian’; 
  •  Gede is the word the Gedevi people used to refer to a “deity” and its community of worshippers. Theentire Gedevi population of the Dahomian region was sold into the French slave trade (Brand 2000:41).
  • Ibo is from the Igbo people and language of southern 
  •  Makaya is from the Kikongo makaya ‘medicinal leaves’ (Laman 1936).
  • Nago is from the Fon term Nágó from the Yoruba.
  • Seneka/Sinika  from Senegal
  • Wangòl from Angola;  of -angol- in both words. 
  • Ibo: Loko Davi (Iroko)
  • Mahi: Loko Mahi Fado (Iroko) (the Mahi are an ethnic group still living in Savalou,Benin)
  • Nago (Yoruba): Odoudouwa (Emperor Odùduwà), Ogou Chango (Ṣàngó, spirit of fire, lightning, storms in Yoruba, Rouget 2001), Legba Gwètò (Esu Elegbara, Verger 1957:109),Ogou Badagri (Badagry, Nigeria)
  • Rada: Legba (Lɛgba), Loko (Lókò, name for diverse tree spirits, Rouget 2001:100)
  • Makaya: Simbi Makaya (Makaya in Kikongo)
  • Petwo Fran: Bakoulou (Bakúlu ‘the elderly’KiKongo)
  • Kaplaou Kanga: Kaplaou Pemba (KiKongo)
  • Kita (Kongo): Grann Simba (Laman 1936 lists 12 entries for Simba), Simbi Kita, ZilaMoyo (Kikongo; mòoyo ‘soul’ from KiKongo)
  • Kongo Fran: Lèmba (Laman lists 16 entries for Lemba), Zao (Zau‘
  • Kaplarou
  • Mondongue
  • Zandor
  • Mandingue
  • Dambara
  • Houssa

POST SLAVERY

  

Historical Misconceptions and Origins

In retrospect, colonization led to several misconceptions regarding the origins of Vodou in Haiti. One common misunderstanding was the association of Vodou exclusively with the Arada slaves from the Bight of Benin, as noted by Moreau de Saint Mery (1971). In reality, the rites and spirits introduced by these tribes became part of the broader spiritual framework that was necessary and venerated  and gave naissance to and for the entry into the Asogwe rite, which later gained prominence in Haiti.

Diversity of Tribal Influence

The Asogwe rite was not solely derived from the practices of the Arada people but was instead a synthesis of various tribal traditions. This amalgamation of spiritual practices and beliefs spread in Haiti and now is part of Haitian vodou. However prior to 1986, the rite existence was not a popular practice 

Geographical Distribution and Influence

An examination of Haitian Vodou reveals that, due to the transatlantic slave trade, the majority of this newly formed group was concentrated in the western plains of Haiti, particularly in areas closer to urban centers. As a result, the presence and influence of these groups became especially prominent in cities such as Port-au-Prince and Léogâne.

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